棉蚜和七星瓢虫对紫茎泽兰挥发物的行为反应及挥发物化学成分初步分析

Behavioral responses of Aphis gossypii and Coccinella septempunctata to volatiles from Eupatorium adenophorum and an analysis of chemical components of the volatiles

田间调查发现紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng上有一定数量的棉蚜Aphis gossypii寄生。从棉蚜是否可为紫茎泽兰的生物防治提供新思路的角度出发,研究了紫茎泽兰挥发性气味物质的化学组成及其对棉蚜和七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata行为的影响。棉蚜选择性试验结果表明:紫茎泽兰饲养的棉蚜对紫茎泽兰的趋向率为62.5%,对棉花的趋向率为37.5%。棉花饲养的棉蚜对紫茎泽兰的趋向率为30%,对棉花的趋向率为70%。在七星瓢虫对感染蚜虫植株的选择性实验中,七星瓢虫对感染蚜虫的紫茎泽兰植株气味趋向率为29.2%,对感染蚜虫的棉花植株气味趋向率为70.8%;七星瓢虫对除去植株的两种蚜虫气味选择率没有显著差异,对取食紫茎泽兰的蚜虫气味选择率为46.7%,对取食棉花植株的蚜虫气味选择率为53.3%。通过GC-MC分析了紫茎泽兰挥发性化学物质的组分及相对含量,其主要挥发物的成分是α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、2-蒈烯和α-水芹烯等。

The presence of Aphis gossypii on Eupatorium adenophorum may suggest a new way of controlling the invasive plant. In the laboratory we tested the behavioral responses of A. gossypii and Coccinella septempunctata to volatiles from E. adenophorum were tested with Y-olfactometer, and the chemical components of these volatiles were analyzed with GC-MC. The results of A. gossypii bi-choice tests with Y-olfactometer showed that the choice of A. gossypii fed on E. adenophorum to E. adenophorum odor reached 62.5 % when cotton existed, whereas the choice to cotton odor was 37.5 %. The choice of A. gossypii fed on cotton to E. adenophorum odor reached 30% when cotton existed, whereas from the choice to cotton odor was 70%. The results of selective test of C. septempunctata from E. adenophorum infested by A. gossypii showed the choice to odor from E. adenophorum infested by A. gossypii was 29.2%, and the choice to cotton odor was 70.8 %. The selection of C. septempunctata to aphid odor had no significant differences after both plants were removed. The selection of C. septempunctata to odor from aphids fed on E. adenophorum reached 46.7%, whereas the choice to odor from aphids fed on cotton was 53.3%. GC-MC analysis of the volatiles from E. adenophorum revealed that the main volatile compounds were α-pinene, camphene, β- pinene, 2-carene, and α-phellandrene.