论古代民主政治在雅典城邦的兴衰

The Development of Democracy in Athens

古代雅典民主政治的发展经历了以若干重大事件为代表的发展阶段:梭伦改革为民主政治的建立奠定了基础;庇西特拉图僭主政治虽然被称作是民主政治的退步但却为雅典的民主政治作了全方位夯实;克利斯提尼改革不断完善着雅典的国家机构,推进了雅典民主政治的发展;伯里克利改革完备了民主政治的含义使雅典的民主政治发展到顶峰;到公元前5世纪末,以伯罗奔尼撒战争为转折,雅典的民主政治开始衰落,希腊为马其顿征服,雅典民主政治最终解体。

The development of democracy in Athens can be divided into several parts in which their typical incidents occurred. Firstly Solon＇ s reform set foundation of establishment of Athens democracy ;secondly,although Peisistratus＇ Tyrannos political affairs seemed to be the backwardness of Athens＇ democracy, he also consolidated foundation for every aspect of Athens democracy;thirdly, Cleisthenes＇ reform improved national institution and advanced the development of democracy ; fourthly, Pericles＇ reform completed Athens democracy,making it up to the summit of development of democracy. By the late of the 5^th Century BC,the Athens democracy, taken Pelonnesian War as the turning point,started to decline. Athens democracy finally disintegrated when Athens was conquered by Macedonia.