火力发电厂恶性肿瘤死亡回顾性队列调查分析

A Retrospective Cohort Cancer Mortality Study on the Workers of Power Plants

为查明粉尘、高温、噪声、毒物等有害因素对电厂职工死亡率和肿瘤死亡率有无影响，我们用回顾性队列调查的方法对两个热电厂进行流行病学调查。分别按当地居民全死因死亡率和当地居民恶性肿瘤死亡率计算队列预期死亡人数和标化死亡比（SMR），按统计工种分组，比较电厂内部各组恶性肿瘤死亡SMR。调查结果表明3632人组成的队列，10年提供35512．47人年，死亡130人，其中46人死于恶性肿瘤，发现队列全死因死亡SMR小于1，（SMR＝0．63，P＜0．05），队列恶性肿瘤死亡SMR也小于1，（SMR＝0．88，P＞0．05），说明两个火力发电厂职工死亡率和全肿瘤死亡率都不高于当地居民（健康工人效应）。电厂内部各组恶性肿瘤死亡率互相比较，以锅炉组最高，锅炉组标化相对危险度（SRR）是燃料组的4．59倍，是电气组的4．96倍，是化学组的3．1倍，是汽机组的1．41倍，是行政组的1．23倍。提示电厂职工死亡率和恶性肿瘤死亡率不高于当地居民，电厂内部各工种组互相比较，锅炉职工肿瘤死亡率有超量趋势。

In order to investigate if the cancer mortalty among these workers was affected by the occupationalhazards such as dust, noise, high temperature, poison etc, a retropspective cohort study was performed onthe workers of two coal-fired power plants. A cohort of 3 632 workers was followed up for 1983 to 1992(35 512.47 person years were supplied)and 130 deats were found with 46 of them dying ho cancers.Compared with the same regional population they had the lower risk of death from all causes(SMR=0.63, P < 0.05)and slightly lower risk of death from cancers (SMR=0. 88, P>0.05). (healthy workereffect). Compared with each group,the SMR of boiler workers is the highest. It is 4.59 times that of thefuel group's,4.96 times that of the electric's,3. 1 times that of the chemical's, 1 .41 times that of the turbine's and 1 .23 times that of the administration's.