失地农民权益保障的制度创新

System Innovation to Secure Landless Peasants' Rights and Interests

农业用地转为建设用地是工业化和城市化进程中的必然现象。虽然我国政府对失地农民进行了补偿,但由于土地产权制度、土地征用制度以及社会保障制度的不完善,致使失地农民仍然蒙受着经济权益的损害、政治权益的剥夺和社会权益的缺失。因此,制度创新是保障失地农民权益的有效途径。应改革土地产权制度,明确集体土地所有权主体,健全农民承包经营权权能;完善土地征用制度,限定"公共利益"的范围,提高征地补偿标准,严格规范征地程序;建立健全失地农民的养老、医疗、最低生活保障制度和就业保障机制。

The phenomenon of landless peasants caused by agriculture land for construction land is inevitable in the process of the promotion of industrialization and urbanization. In China, although landless peasants are compensated from government, they also suffer the loss of their rights and interests in economy, politics and society, because of such unsound systems as land property, land confiscation and social security. Therefore, system innovation is an effective method to secure their rights and interests. Reform land property rights system, to define the subject of land ownership and to improve farmer＇ s right of contract and management; To improve land confiscation system, to define ＂public interests＂, to increase compensation standard, to conduct confiscating procedures; To establish and improve social welfare system, medical care systems, to ensure minimum standard of living and employment mechanism.