基于期望理论的违章管理思维模式探讨

A New Thinking Mode of Violation Management Based on Expectancy Theory

根据对违章行为的产生机理的分析,提出违章行为是违章者心理动机强度和对行为结果实现意图而不发生事故的可能性估计的函数,该违章行为函数与弗洛姆的期望理论有相通之处。弗洛姆的期望理论认为,增强某一目标的效价(V)或者提高某种目标实现的期望值(E),都可以驱动某相应行为的发生。根据违章行为函数和期望理论的分析,可以得出如下结论:降低违章行为者违章动机的强度(I)或者弱化违章行为者对违章成功结果的可能性估计(P)将会抑制违章行为的发生。该结论为在生产实践中有效地开展违章管理,提供了新的思路。

According to the mechanism analysis of violation behaviors, it is found that the violation behavior is the function of the intention of the violator and the estimated possibility that the behavior would not cause bad results. This function has a connection with the Expectancy Theory of Victor Vroom. The Expectancy Theory thinks that enhancing a certain goal~ valence or heightening the expectancy of achieving the goal can boost the occurrence of the behavior. Thereby, conclusion can be drawn that weakening the violator＇s intention or reducing the estimated probability can restrain the occurrence of the violation behavior. This conclusion provides a new angle of view for the violation management in work safety.