失眠的临床诊断与疗效评估方法

Clinical diagnosis and assessment of insomnia

诊断失眠的基本条件是病人存在睡眠始发和(或)睡眠维持发生障碍,导致睡眠时间或睡眠质量不能满足生理需要,并且影响白日的功能。失眠的诊断方法通常包括:问诊(睡眠现状、睡眠习惯、睡眠卫生和药物使用情况);仔细的体格检查能够排除可能存在的躯体疾病相关性失眠;客观评估方法(多导睡眠图、多次小睡潜伏期试验、夜帽、微动敏感床垫、肢体活动电图)和评估量表等。熟练掌握并合理选择应用和综合分析这些结果,能够为失眠的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗效果的评估提供重要帮助。

In insomnia patients, sleep hours and sleep quality couldn＇t satisfy the physiological needs, and daily life functions are significantly affected by the disorders of sleep onset and sleep maintenance. Diagnosis can be made by inquire （current situation, sleep habit, sleep hygiene and drug using）, physical examination （distinguishing insomnia associated with somatic diseases）, objective assessments （polysomnography, the multiple sleep latency test, nightcap, micromovement sensitive mattress and limbs activity electrograph） and questionnaires, etc. These methods and results are helpful for diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of insomnia.