移植骨复合骨髓基质干细胞修复兔股骨缺损

Bone graft combined with bone marrow stem cells in repairing rabbit femur defect

目的观察同种异体骨复合骨髓基质干细胞对兔股骨大段缺损修复情况,探讨其修复骨缺损的可行性。方法将24只大耳兔随机分为2组,造成股骨大段缺损,对照组植入打孔同种异体骨,实验组植入打孔同种异体骨+明胶海绵+骨髓基质干细胞。术后2个月行X线片观察、病理组织学检查及骨密度测试。结果①放射学检查:对照组在异体骨结合部可见骨痂通过,实验组整个异体骨段均可见明显骨痂形成。②病理组织学检查:对照组可见少量内骨痂及外骨痂且被大量纤维结缔组织所分隔,实验组异体骨有坏死后弧形吸收窝,可见内外骨痂生长,髓腔内充满大量骨母细胞。③平均骨密度值测定:实验组高于对照组及正常股骨,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论同种异体骨复合骨髓基质干细胞用于修复兔股骨大段缺损,较单纯异体骨成骨量大、迅速,能够对骨缺损进行有效的修复。

Objective To study the feasibility of repairing bone defect with bone allograft combined with bone marrow stem cells by observing the repairing and reconstructing of rabbit large femur fragmental defects. Methods Twentyfour rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Large fragmental defects of left femur were created and were repaired by different of methods ： porous bone allograft was implanted in the control group and porous bone allograft ＋ gelatin sponge ＋ bone marrow stem cells was implanted in the experimental group. Bone samples were harvested to perform radiological examination, histological analysis, bone density measure at two months after operation. Results （1） Radiological examination showed that bone callus was seen at the donor-host interface in the control group and the whole region of bone graft of in the experimental group. （2） Histological analysis revealed that some inner and external callus was seen, which was separated by fibrous tissue in the control group, while in the experimental group, inner and external callus formed in the arc necrosis absorption lacuna was seen in bone graft and tremendous osteoblasts was found in medullary canal. （3） Average bone density in the experimental group was greater than the control group and contralateral normal femur and the difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions Bone formation is relatively larger and quicker when bone allograft is combined with bone marrow stem cells in repairing rabbit large fragmental femur defects compared with simple bone graft, with which bone defect can be efficiently repaired.