西北地区油页岩地质特征、资源现状及其开发利用条件分析

Geological characteristics and resources/reserves of oil shale in northwestern China and its exploitation and utilization conditions

中国西北地区预测和查明的油页岩总资源/储量至少是400亿t,折合页岩油约20亿t,探明的储量多为小型—中型规模。油页岩矿床主要有3种类型:中、晚石炭世滨浅海相沉积矿床、晚二叠世湖湾-湖相沉积矿床以及中生代内陆湖泊相沉积矿床。不同矿区面积相差较大,油页岩单层厚度一般为1～5m,总厚度在不同矿区变化也较大。油页岩多为褐黑色、黑色,略具油脂光泽,含油率5%～10%,矿体多呈层状展布,中、晚石炭世和侏罗纪形成的油页岩矿床多与煤层共生,时代越新,油页岩稀土元素丰度越高。西北地区已查明的油页岩矿均位于大、中城市附近,具有较好的开发利用前景,内蒙古巴格毛德地区是很有远景的找矿区。

The total predicted resources and identified reserves of oil shale in northwestern China are at least 40 billion t, equivalent to -2 billion t of shale oil. The demonstrated reserves are mostly of small or medium size. Oil shale deposits in northwestern China may be classified into the following three types： Mid-Late Carboniferous littoral-neritic sedimentary deposits, Late Permian lake and lake-bay sedimentary deposits and Mesozoic inland lake sedimentary deposits. The oil shale districts differ in area significantly; and the thickness of a single bed of oil shale generally ranges from 1 to 5 m and the total thic Oil shale is commonly brownish black and black with kness also changes significantly in different oil shale districts. a slight greasy luster, and its oil content is 5-10%. Oil shale mostly occurs as beds. The oil shale formed in the Mid-Late Carboniferous and Jurassic commonly occurs in association with coal beds. The younger the oil shale is, the higher its REE abundance will be. All the identified oil shale deposits in northern China are located near large and medium-sized cities and have good prospects for exploitation and utilization. The Bag Maode area, Inner Mongolia, is very promising for oil shale.