“炼狱”与“乐园”:新世纪乡土叙事的两极悖反现象

‘Purgatory’ and ‘Paradise’:a Counteraction of the Two Extremes in the New-century Local Narration

新世纪农村题材小说创作走出了九十年代的低迷衰微期,呈现出新的繁荣。但仔细研读这些作品,笔者发现新世纪乡土文学对农村的书写存在着一个明显的两极悖反现象。即作家对农村的认识存在着两种比较偏执的情感倾向。一种是在力求原汁原味地反映乡土生活的旗号下陶醉于农村被夸大的落后性,农村成了一个苦难的炼狱,作家笔下的苦难叙述呈现出神秘化、奇观化的趋势。另一种是将农村的淳朴美好进行诗意的无限放大,农村俨然是一个纯净美好的人间乐园,作家的乡土叙述陶醉在一种虚假浪漫的温情之中。笔者认为作家与农村生活的悬浮、隔离以及作家对市场原则的顺应与趋附是造成两极悖反现象的主要原因。

In the new century village-based novels have walked out of the downtums and declines in the 90s and assumed a new thriving look. With a careful study of these works, I have discovered that a remarkable counteraction of the two extremes in the descriptions of villages is prevailing in the new-century local literary works. That is, authors＇ understanding of the countryside assume two different relatively bigoted emotional tendencies： one is that authors indulge themselves in exaggerating the backwardness of the countryside by upholding the banner of a true-to-life depiction of rural life. In their works, the countryside is a purgatory of tribulations, and the tribulations pictured by the authors are mystified. Another one is that rural unsophisticated and beauteous aspects are infinitely and poetically exaggerated： the countryside seems to be a clean and lovely human paradise, and the local narration is intoxicated in false and romantic warmth. I attribute all this to the authors＇ lack of contacts with and severance from rural life and their unprincipled compliance and catering to the market principles.