从《诗经》看“将”字的意义流变

On the Meaning Development of the Word "Jiang" from The Book of Poetry

"将"字在《诗经》中共出现60次左右,具备动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、摹状词等不同词性。这些纷繁复杂的意义及用法,其实都源自于"将"的本义"祭献祖宗":其他各项动作义是该本义的略微引申,形容词和连词义的"将"源于动词义"率领",介词义来自于动词义"执持"。此外,"将"的句法位置对其目前保留的副词、介词义的形成也有很大影响。

The word ＂jiang＂ appears about 60 times in The Book of Poetry, using as verb, noun, adjective, adverbial, conjunction, imitating word, etc. In fact, the numerous and complicated usages are initiated from its original meaning： ＂to offer sacrificial offerings to ancestors＂. Other various meanings as a verb are only the slight amplification of this original meaning. Its adjective and conjunctive meanings come from the meaning as a verb ＂to lead＂, and prepositional meanings come from the meaning as a verb ＂to hold＂. Besides, its grammatical position in the sentence has great influence on the formation of the meanings as adverbial and preposition.