中国上市银行经营效率的影响因素——基于Tobit回归模型的二阶段分析

Factors Affecting the Operating Efficiency of Chinese Listed Banks——An analysis Based on Two-step Tobit Regression Model

本文利用数据包络分析(DEA)模型对截至2007年4月底上市的11家全国性商业银行2004～2006年的效率水平进行总体分析与评价,在此基础上对银行经营效率的可能影响因素进行理论假设,并利用二阶段Tobit回归模型对理论假设进行检验。研究结果显示,样本期间内我国上市银行经营效率普遍呈上升趋势,在影响银行经营效率的四个主要因素中,银行资产质量越高,即银行不良贷款比率越低,银行经营效率就越高;银行人均营业费用越高,即银行投入"拥挤程度"越低,银行经营效率就越高;此外,银行清偿能力和"上市"都对银行效率产生显著影响。

By using DEA model, this paper makes an overall analysis and evaluation on the operating efficiency level of 11 national commercial banks from 2004 to 2006. According to the results, the author puts forward the theoretical hypotheses on the potential influential factors on the banks＇ operating efficiency and fulfills the hypothesis test with two-step Tobit regression model. The results reveal that during the sample period, Chinese listed banks＇ operating efficiency universally appeared an uptrend. Among the four main influential factors, banks＇ asset quality, measured by the ration of NPLs, and per capita operating expense have significant positive correlation with banks＇ operating efficiency. Moreover, banks＇ solvency and listing also have significant influences on their operating efficiency.