晋南旱垣土壤质地和茬口对小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

Affect of Soil Texture and Rotation on Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency on Nonirrigated Farmland in South of Shanxi

在山西临汾、襄汾采用大区对比法研究了土壤质地和茬口对小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：小麦产量轻壤土质夏季复播作物茬口低于夏季休闲茬口,而中壤土质夏季复播作物茬口高于夏季休闲茬口;小麦播前贮水量轻壤土质夏季复播作物茬口低于夏季休闲茬口,而中壤土质夏季复播作物茬口高于夏季休闲茬口;轻壤土质全生育期0～100 cm,0～200 cm,100～200 cm的耗水量均以休闲茬口〉大豆茬口〉绿豆茬口,中壤土质拔节期贮水量、拔节至成熟阶段0～100 cm,0～200 cm,100～200 cm的耗水量均以花生茬口〉谷子茬口〉休闲茬口;水分利用效率中壤土质明显高于轻壤土质,各茬口间的极差中壤土质大于轻壤土质。该项研究为以旱地小麦为主要作物的轮作制度选择土壤质地和夏季复播（春播）作物茬口提供了理论依据。

Affect of soil texture and rotation on wheat yield and water use efficiency has studied by using the method of contrast in Linfen and Xiangfen,Shanxi province.The result showed that the wheat has get more yield in fallow for rotation in light loamy soil and in nonfallow for rotation in mediate loamy soil,and the soil has more store water before sowing in fallow for rotation in light loamy soil and in nonfallow for rotation in mediate loamy soil.Water consumption over growth stage under the ground 0～100 cm,0～200 cm and 100～200 cm in light loamy soil is fallow for rotation〉soybean for rotation〉mung bean for rotation,both store water at jointing stage and water consumption at jointing and maturation stage under the ground 0～100 cm,0～200 cm and 100～200 cm in mediate loamy soil is peanut for rotation〉millet for rotation〉fallow for rotation.The mediate loamy soil has higher water use efficiency and bigger range among every rotation.The study has provided academic evidence to select soil texture of sequential summer crops,and spring crop rotation for the rotate system relying mainly on nonirrigated wheat.