黄土塬区氮磷配施对冬小麦光合作用、产量形成及水分利用的影响

Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Water Use of Winter Wheat under Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Loess Tableland

在黄土高塬沟壑区,研究了不同施肥条件对冬小麦各个生育期的叶面积指数、光合作用、干物质积累、产量形成以及水分利用的影响,结果表明:与对照相比,施肥后小麦叶面积指数和光合速率都显著提高,同化作用增强,平均产量提高了47.6%,水分利用效率提高了24.6%。不同的肥料配施对冬小麦的干物质积累、产量以及水分利用效率的影响顺序基本一致,即高氮高磷>高氮低磷>低氮低磷>低氮高磷,但方差分析表明,在这种氮磷配施方案中起作用的主要是氮肥,磷肥的贡献不大,且二者并没有产生明显的交互作用。

Field experiments were conducted on the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation,and grain yield and water use of winter wheat on the loess tableland of China.Compared with control treatments,leaf area index and photosynthetic rate increased significantly,grain yield increased by 47.6% and water use efficiency increased by 24.6%,averagely under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization.The effects of fertilization on dry matter accumulation,yield and water use efficiency was as high nitrogen with high phosphorus 〉 high nitrogen with low phosphorus 〉 low nitrogen with low phosphorus 〉 low nitrogen with high phosphorus.The results of variance analysis showed that nitrogen fertilization occupy the main influence while phosphorus fertilization has no impact on winter wheat yield and water use.No interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization was found.