阿瓦提灌区水土资源现状及其优化配置战略措施

Strategies of Its Optimal Allocation and Current Situation of Water-Soil Resources in Awati Irrigation Area

在分析阿瓦提灌区水土资源现状的基础上,探讨限额配水条件下该灌区水土资源的新平衡及可持续利用。结合RS、GIS技术,应用水盐平衡模型,从区域的4个水平衡和盐平衡等多个角度,首先模拟分析了1990～2004年该灌区的水土资源平衡现状;然后,根据灌区近期规划,设置情景方案预测分析了该灌区未来15年的水土资源平衡,进而提出水土资源开发利用与优化配置战略。预测结果表明,如果增加灌区内1.73×10^4hm^2弃耕地或已开垦的未耕地,在调整种植结构和加大节水力度的同时,优先开发利用约1.1×10^8m^3地下水与限额的地表引水统一调配灌溉,基本可保证新的供需平衡,但用水形势相当严峻。

By analyzing the current situation of water-soil resources in Awati irrigation area,this paper discussion its sustainable utilization and new balance under the condition of limited surface water diversion from Akesu River.Integrating with RS and GIS,and using the water-salt balance model,the situation of water-soil resources balance from 1990 to 2004 was simulated and analyzed firstly from the multi-angles of regional four-water-balance（surface water balance,groundwater balance,supply and demand water balance,consumption water balance） and salt-balance.In order to analyzing the balance situation of water-soil resources in recent fifteen years,a project was set up and simulated according to the planning of Awati irrigation area in the recent future.And then,some strategies of optimal allocation and exploitation are carried out.The forecast results indicate that if the abandoned farmland and/or the uncultivated land which have been reclaimed are utilized,that is adding to 1.73×10^4 hm^2 irrigation area,the balance of supply and demand of water-soil resources will be guaranteed basically on condition of adopting the following measures： adjusting the plant structure,increasing the area of water saving,giving priority to irrigation with groundwater which is about 1.1×10^8 m^3,and optimizing allocation of groundwater and surface water.But,under this condition,the situation of water-soil resources allocation is extremely serious in the future.