西部农村婴幼儿母乳喂养和健康状况关系的研究

STUDY ON THE RELATION OF BREAST FEEDING AND HEALTH SITUATION IN WESTERN COUNTRYSIDE

[目的]了解中国西部农村婴幼儿母乳喂养的现状,并验证纯母乳喂养与婴儿患病、感冒和腹泻的关系,从而找出存在问题,以便制定有针对性的干预措施。[方法]在中国西部10省45个项目县采用人口比例抽样法,对13 433名3岁以下婴幼儿的喂养情况和健康状况进行现况调查。采用SPSS软件,选用寿命表法和卡方检验进行统计分析。[结果]调查对象中,4个月纯母乳喂养率平均为16%,6个月纯母乳喂养率仅为2.5%。6个月内纯母乳喂养儿童中近两周患病率、近两周感冒发病率和腹泻发病率分别为17.3%、12.4%和6.5%,非纯母乳喂养儿童中分别为24.2%、17.1%和10.4%,差异有统计学意义。主要原因是添加了水,另外淀粉类食物也添加过早。纯母乳喂养可以降低两周患病率、两周感冒发病率和腹泻发病率。[结论]西部农村婴幼儿纯母乳喂养率还很低,该地应大力提倡纯母乳喂养。

[Objective]To learn the current situation of breast feeding in rural areas of western China and to verify the relationship between exclusive breast feeding and infant morbidity,cold and diarrhea,then discover the existent problems to constitute the pertinent intervention measures.[Methods]The method of population proportion sampling was used in 45 counties of 10 provinces in western China,and then total 13433 children under 3 years old were selected to investigate their feeding situation and health situation.SPSS was used to carry on the statistical analysis;the life table and Chi-Square test were used as statistical methods.[Results]The average rate of exclusive breast feeding in first 4 months was 16% and the average rate of exclusive breast feeding in first 6 months was just 2.5% in all objects.The two-week morbidity,two-week cold rate and two-week diarrhea rate were 17.3%,12.4% and 6.5% respectively in the children who were under 6 months and exclusive breast fed.The three indicators were 24.2%,17.1% and 10.4% respectively in those children who were not exclusive breast fed.The difference had a statistical significance.[Conclusion]The exclusive breast feeding rate is still very low in western countryside,the main reason is that water and starch food are given early.The exclusive breast feeding can reduce the two-week morbidity,two-week cold rate and diarrhea rate.Breast feeding should be promoted with great efforts.