城市社区学龄前儿童龋齿患病的现况调查

CROSS-SECTIONAL INVESTIGATION OF DENTAL CARIES OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN URBAN COMMUNITY

[目的]了解城市社区学龄前儿童龋齿患病情况,保护儿童身体健康,为今后防龋工作提供科学依据。[方法]采用整群抽样方法,随机抽取8所幼儿园3～7岁儿童1 164名作为调查对象,进行龋齿患病情况的流行病学调查。[结果]该社区学龄前儿童总患龋率为51.72%,男童与女童之间差异无统计学意义(2χ=1.017,P﹥0.05)。不同年龄的学龄前儿童患龋率随年龄的增大而升高(2χ趋势=74.684,P﹤0.001)。上颌中切牙患龋齿最多,其次下颌第一、二乳磨牙及上颌侧切牙,乳尖牙最低。学龄前儿童的刷牙习惯、喜食甜食、喜吃零食、饭后漱口习惯、口腔检查以及家长对患龋齿的态度与龋齿患病有关(P值均﹤0.001)。[结论]该社区学龄前儿童龋齿患病情况较严重,应采取加强口腔卫生宣传教育、提倡合理营养、定期口腔检查及药物防龋的综合性预防措施。

[Objective]To investigate the prevalent tendency of dental caries of pre-school children in urban communities,in order to protect the health of children and to provide scientific bases for prevention on caries.[Methods]1164 children aged 3-7 years old were randomly selected from eight kindergartens by using cluster sampling method and the epidemiological investigation of dental caries was carried out.[Results]The prevalence of caries of pre-school children in the community was 51.72%,and there was no significant diffrence between boys and girls（χ2 =1.017,P﹥0.05）.The prevalence of caries of pre-school children at different ages increased with the age increasing（χ2 trend=74.684,P﹤0.001）.The highest prevalence was maxillary central incisor,the higher were mandibular first,second deciduous molar and lateral incisor,the lowest prevalence rate was deciduous canine.The habit of toothbrushing,fonding of sweet food and snacks,gargle after meal,the oral examination and the attitude of parents to caries were related to the caries prevalence（P﹤0.001）.[Conclusion]The prevalence of caries in the communities is serious and comprehensive prevention measures should be carried out actively such as strengthening the propaganda and education of the oral health,advocating reasonable nutrition,the regular oral examination and using medicine to prevent dental caries.