晚清政府关于外国人内地游历政策的特点与评价

Discussion on the Characteristics and the Evaluation of the Inland Traveling Policy in Late Qing Dynasty

鸦片战争后,中国逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建国家。在列强的武力威胁下,清政府被迫签订《天津条约》等一系列不平等条约,开始允许外国人进入中国内地游历。为加强对内地游历外国人管理,清政府相应制定了管理外国人的内地游历政策。从政策本身来看,内地游历政策是比较严密的;但就政策的制定过程和完善措施来说,内地游历政策又具有相当大的被动性与滞后性。晚清政府关于来华外国人的内地游历政策,是中国近代外交政策的重要组成部分,是晚清时期中国走向现代化的具体反映。

After the Opium War （ 1840 - 1842 ）, China became the semi - colonial and semi - feudal coun try gradually. Under the circumstances that military force was threatened by Western countries, the Qing Government stipulated Tianjin Treaty, in which inland traveling was permitted to enter China in 1858. In order to manage aliens, Qing Government laid down inland traveling policy. Although the policy is very precise, it is also very passive and sluggish. The inland traveling policy of late Qing Government is the important constituent of diplomacy in modern China, which reflects China heading for early modernization.