摘要
Kazakhstan lies in the north of the central Asian republics and is bounded by Russia inthe north, China in the east, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan in the south, and the Caspian Sea and part of Turkmenistan in the west. It has almost 1,177 mi （about 1,894 km） of coastline on the Caspian Sea.
Iran is a vast country covering 1,648,000 square kilometers in southwestern Asia.Its neighbors are Turkmenistan,Azerbaijan and Armenia on the north,Afghanistan and Pak- istan on the east,and Turkey and Iraq on the west.Iran's southern borders are all bathed by the indigo-colored waters of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman,which assure its access to open seas,and a large portion of Iran's northern borders lie by the Caspian Sea. Iran is the origin of a bright and rich culture.In the Anterior Geographer's opinion, this land is counted as the center of seven ancient countries and the moderate continent. Iran is a vast land and has such a variety of climates that all four seasons can be found in different parts of it concurrently... By
