四卡问题解决中的内容与逻辑分析效应

The Effect of Content and Logical Analyzing during Selection Task Performing

选取条件概率(P(Q|P))由低到高的四个命题作为四卡问题中的检验规则,探讨了大学生被试对四张卡片的逻辑证明作用的推断能力及其对解决四卡问题的影响。结果发现:(1)不同条件概率的命题之间正确选择P-Q的人数百分比不存在显著差异,命题的条件概率因素对四卡问题的正确解决没有影响。(2)逻辑分析过程对四卡问题的正确解决产生了一定的抑制作用,这可能是因为被试不能从整体上思考四张卡片在命题检验中的逻辑作用的缘故。(3)一些被试即使在逻辑分析过程中表现出知道-Q卡片的证伪作用,仍然倾向于选择卡片Q而非-Q,这一现象再次证实了人类思维的非形式逻辑的一面。

This research selected four different conditional propositions [ the conditional probability （P（Q｜P）） from low to high] as rules of the selection tasks, and examined college students＇ task performance under the logical analyzing condition in which they were required to make a logical judgment for each card （e. g. , P, Q, -P and -Q）. The results indicated that （1） There was no significant difference in the percentage of subjects who selected P and-Q cards in different conditional probability of propositions; （2） There was an inhibitive effect of logical analyzing during selection task performing, which might be due to the fact that the subjects failed to think comprehensively about the logical effect of the four cards when solving the problem; （3） Some subjects still selected the Q card even if they knew that the-Q card would test whether the rule was wrong. It confirmed the non-logic aspect of human thinking.