块状硫化物矿床的类型、分布和形成环境

Classification,Distribution and Forming Setting of Massive Sulfide Deposits

从全球视野全面概括了块状硫化物矿床的成矿背景和成矿类型,突出强调了洋壳和岛弧或陆壳两种成矿环境对成矿类型分类的重要性,并探讨了由于洋、陆转化过程中过渡环境的存在对两种成矿类型亦存在过渡的成矿复杂性,分析评述了块状硫化物矿床在全球各大陆块及其主要造山带中的地质分布和成矿特点。已发现矿床数量北半球明显发育,南半球发现稀少,太古代和中新生代是火山成因块状硫化物矿床的最主要形成期,其次是晚古生代,而中国则以早古生代的发现最为重要,与全球的情况有显著差异。探讨了全球块状硫化物矿床的形成演化和主要形成环境,强调了在地质历史上造山带中可能保存下来代表弧后盆地洋壳环境的蛇绿岩中寻找火山成因块状硫化物矿床的重要性。介绍了利用高场强元素对火山成因块状硫化物矿床构造背景的判别方法。

The metallogenic setting and classification of massive sulfide deposits is generalized from the global eyeshot, the importance of oceanic and island arc or continental environments to classifications of the ore deposits is emphasized, and the complexity of a transitional mineralization in the transition of metallogenic setting from oceanic crust into continental crust is discussed, the geological distribution and metallogenic characteristics of massive sulfide deposits in the global continental blocks and primary organic belts are analyzed. It is found that the amount of massive sulfide deposits in the southern hemisphere is more than that in the northern hemisphere, and Archaeozoic and Cenozoic-Mesozoic Eras are major metallogenic epochs for the massive sulfide deposits, and Late Palaeozoic next, but in China, Early Palaeozoic is more important which is different visibly from the conditions of the globe. The metallogenic evolution and forming setting of the global massive sulfide deposits are analyzed. The importance of studying the oceanic environments of back-arc basins in geological histories to find the deposits is fur forword, a method applying high field strength elements to discriminate tectonic setting of the deposits is introduced.