东洞庭湖湿地鸟类群落结构及其多样性

Community structure and diversity of birds on east Dongting Lake wetland of Hunan Province

2004年5月—2007年2月对东洞庭湖湿地鸟类资源进行了调查,共记录鸟类297种,隶属17目52科150属,其中古北界鸟类144种(另新北界鸟类2种),东洋界鸟类92种,广布种鸟类59种。冬候鸟或旅鸟166种,留鸟81种,夏候鸟50种。该湿地有国家I级重点保护鸟类7种、II级重点保护鸟类40种,国际湿地公约名录中的鸟类34种。东洞庭湖水禽资源尤为丰富,其种类和数量具明显季节性变化,全年水鸟种类和数量均是冬季较多,夏季较少。东洞庭湖生境多样化程度较高,退田还湖后湖面扩大、食源充足,鸟类的多样性指数(4.40)较高,远高于省内陆地环境和国内的湿地;但均匀性指数(0.54)均较其低,这与湿地环境及东洞庭湖湿地鸟类受到人类因素的干扰有关。

An investigation on the bird resources on east Dongting Lake wetland was conducted from May 2004 to February 2007. A total of 297 species belonging to 150 genera, 52 families and 17 orders were recorded, among which, 144 species belonged to Palearctic （2 species to Nearctic）, 92 species to Oriental realm, and 59 species to wide- distributed. 166 species were passage or winter migrants, 81 species were residents, and 50 species were summer migrants. 7 species were National Class I protected, 40 species were National Class Ⅱ protected, and 34 species ranked in Protected Bird List by the Convention on Wetlands. The waterfowl resources on east Dongting Lake wetland were particularly abundant, and the species number and total quantity demonstrated a significant seasonal change, being more in winter and less in summer. High habi-tat diversity and the increased lake area and abundant food sources after re-submerging particular polders resulted in a high diversity index （4. 40 ） of the birds on the wetland, which was even higher than that in land environment of the Province and other wetlands in China, but the uniformity index of the birds was lower （only 0.54） than that on other regions, which might be related to the wetland environment and artificial disturbances in this area.