淡水养殖污染负荷估算方法刍议

Calculation methods for pollution load of freshwater aquiculture

综述了淡水养殖污染负荷估算的方法:化学分析法、竹内俊郎法及其同类方法、物料平衡法、湖泊和水库的箱式模型法。分析了淡水养殖污染负荷估算模型的应用,提出对估算污染负荷量应在分类别、分阶段、分区域估算基础上进行综合评估。建议探索复杂生态环境下淡水养殖污染负荷综合估算法,研究药品投入、底泥的沉积和释放等因素的影响,以增强其适用性和实用价值。正确估算水产养殖的氮磷污染负荷,对取得水产养殖收益和保护水环境有指导意义。

The pollution load calculation models of freshwater aquiculture were reviewed, including chemical analysis method, material balance method, box model for lakes and reservoirs, etc. The application of pollution load calculation models of freshwater aquiculture was analyzed systematically and it was presented that the calculation of pollution load should be evaluated synthetically based on different classification, periods and regions. It is suggested that a calculation method for the complex ecological environment should be proposed and the effects of some factors be analyzed, such as the dosage of medicines, sedimentation and desorption of bed sediments and so on, which can enhance the applicability and practicability of the calculation method. The accurate calculation of the N, P pollution load of aquiculture has instructional meaning for protecting both of the aquiculture and the aquatic environment.