客观公允与爱憎之见——塔西佗历史人物评价初探

Relative Impersonality And Strong Sentiment:in the Perspective of Tacitus' Appraisement about Historical Characters

基于道德史观与道德目的,塔西佗尝试客观公允评价历史人物,并力求实现事实层面与价值层面"真实"的有机统一。尤其善于通过将道德践履与国家利害并置,从而赋予单纯人物评价以更为凝重的政治伦理意蕴。为了更好厘定历史人事善恶之实,塔西佗将感情爱憎视为深刻影响史家如实直书的制约性因素。出于对帝制的极度反感和偏见,塔西佗有关某些帝制派人物及其相关史事的评价未免失实。

Based on historical view and ethic objective, Tacitus gived attention to two things： relative impersonality and strong sentiment when appraising historical characters. Tacitus tried to achieve the good unification of real espeot and the valuatle aspect. Especially, Tacitus was adept at juxtaposing moral fulfillment and nationality value, by which to endow it with profound significance concerning pol- itics ethic. In practice, Tacitus treated strong sentiment as a conditional factor affeoting historical writing. Starting from the repulsion and bias on totalitarianism, Tacitus displayed evident distortion during valuing certain characters in relation to imperialism as well as history affairs.