超级稻的分子设计育种

Molecular Design Breeding in Super Rice

超级稻育种的目标是在水稻矮化育种和杂种优势利用取得突破的基础上,通过理想株型的构建结合籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用,来实现寻求水稻单产、品质、适应性的新突破。作物分子设计育种是通过各种技术的整合与集成,对作物从基因(分子)到整体(系统)不同层次进行设计和操作。将分子设计育种的知识和手段应用于超级稻育种,可以在尽可能短的时间里培育出更多、更好的超级稻品种或杂交组合。因此,对水稻分子设计育种的基本理论和相关领域的最新研究进展进行了综述,展望了分子设计育种对提升传统育种效率和培育超级稻新品种的前景,指出了未来超级稻发展的方向。

The objective of super rice breeding was to realize a new breakthrough in rice yield, quality and adaptability by developing ideotype and utilizing inter-subspecific heterosis after the rice dwarfing breeding and heterosis utilization. Molecular design breeding aims to design and manipulate genotypes meeting particular breeding objectives＇in silico＇ on multiple levels from genes to whole plants, and the rapid development of biotechnology and bioinformatics make it possible at present. The crossing and selection process of super rice can be simulated and optimized by design breeding, and the breeding efficiency can be greatly enhanced by shifting the traditional experience breeding to the precision breeding. In the present paper, the theories and principals of rice molecular design breeding and its related research advances were briefly introduced, and the necessity, application and development trends of molecular design breeding in super rice were also discussed.