生物技术在水稻超高产育种中的应用

Application of Biotechnology in Rice Super-high Yield Improvement

水稻是我国主要粮食作物,对确保国家粮食安全起到举足轻重的作用。水稻单产潜力在经历了矮化育种和杂交水稻两次重大突破后,出现长期踌躇不前。水稻育种学家正在积极探索利用新种质、新技术,提高水稻单位面积的产量。水稻基因组测序计划的实施和完成,水稻高密度分子标记连锁图谱和各种近等基因系群体的构建,重要农艺性状的QTL不断被精细定位,越来越多的重要发送的基因被克隆及功能分析,转基因技术的广泛应用,功能基因组学迅速地发展,这些为研究复杂农艺性状的分子机理提供机遇,也为生物技术、分子标记辅助选择育种技术广泛应用于水稻品种改良,实现水稻高产、优质、广适应性综合性状改良取得重大突破提供了新契机。

Rice is a major food crop, which plays an important role in ensuring Chinese food supply. Rice yield potential has not increased signicantly for a long time after the monentous breakthroughs of the dwarf rice plant and heterosis utilization. Therefore, scientists are exploring to utilize new rice germplasm and biotechnologies to increase rice yield potential in the world. The completion of rice genome, achievement of fine genetic linkage map, construction of introgression lines between wild rice and indica or japonica variety, QTL analyses of the important traits, cloning of vital functional genes, application of transgenic tech- niques, rapid progresses of rice functional genome have provided an opptunity to apply extensively the biotechnologies and molecular marker assistant selection in rice improvement, which will bring about new breeding technique breakthroughs to implement elite rice varieties with high and stable yield, wide adaptability, delicious taste and abundant nutrients.