吉林省不同类型超级稻形态特征分析与品种改良

Morphological Characters and Analysis of Improved Targets of Different Types of Super Rice in Jilin Province

通过对吉林省育成的超级稻品种株型、根系的对比分析,结果表明:不同类型超级稻片叶开张角度,弯穗型超级稻最大,半直立穗型超级稻次之,直立穗型超级稻最小。弯穗型超级稻出穗后剑叶对籽粒增重影响率最大,明显高于半直立穗和直立穗型超级稻。剑叶以下叶片对籽粒增重的影响率随着叶片下移,半直立穗、直立穗超级稻逐渐提高,而弯穗型超级稻逐渐下降。上部、中部穗籽粒增重速度大小表现为:半直立穗型→直立穗→弯穗型;下部穗籽粒增重速度表现为:半直立穗型超级稻→弯穗型超级稻→直立穗型超级稻。直立穗型超级稻根系在前期表现发根较慢,中期发根快,后期根壮;半直立穗型根系发育在全生育期表现比较平稳;弯穗型超级稻根系在前期生长较直立穗型品种较快,中期和后期根系的长度、数量、根重方面明显不如直立穗和半直立穗型的品种。

By contrast of panicle types and root system of super rice bred in Jilin Province, the results indicated maximum angular divergence of leaf existed in curved panicle. Then the erect panicle rice, and the minimal angular divergence existed in erected panicle rice. Flag leaf of curved panicle rice had great influencing rate to grain weight increase. Influencing rate is greater than that of partly erect panicles and erect panicle rice. Influencing rate for leaves below rang leaf decreased with leaf descending. The effect of superior panicles and middle panicles on grain weight increase showed partly erect panicles 〉 erect panicles 〉curved panicles. The effect of basal panicles on grain weight increase showed partly erect panicle 〉 curved panicles〉 erect panicles. The root system with erect panicles in super rice grew slowly in the early stage. The root system grew fastly in the middle stage. The root became strong in the later stage. The root system growth with partly erect panicles showed more stable. The root system with curved panicles grew faster than that with erect panicles in the early stage. The length, number and weight of root system were lower than that with erect panicles and partly erect panicles.