森林经理学:继承与发展

Forest Management in China:Inheriting and Developing

经过数百年的发展,凝结人类森林经营思想的森林经理学形成了根深于古典自由经济学地租理论,以木材永续收获为目标,立地、密度、生长为基本原理,法正林为理论模型,收获调整为技术核心,森林经营规划为综合体现的适用于商品林经营的森林经理学知识体系。但是,随着人类发展观的改变,在森林经营的思想上也发生了深刻的变化,这种变化主要体现在森林经营的目标从木材永续收获转向了以生物多样性为本质特征的生态系统完整性的维持。已有的森林经理学知识体系已经不能适应这一森林经营思想转变的需要。基于上述认识,认为需要在继承的基础上建立新的森林经理学知识体系,包括确立以生态系统完整性为森林经营的目标,吸收尺度、等级系统、干扰、异质性和生物多样性为森林经营的基本原理,发展适应生态系统完整性维持的自然干扰模型为森林经营的理论模型,形成以现代生态科学为基础的集时空优化为一体的森林经理规划方法和技术,接受森林认证机制为森林经营行为价值取向的判断机制。

Forest Management which rooted in the soil-rent theory, a classic,liberal,economic theory,has formed its system of knowledge after many centuries of development.The system of knowledge regards sustained-yield timber asan objective,taking site,density and growth as basic principles,using normal forest model as a theoretical model,defining harvest regulation as key technique,embodies synthetically forest management planning and is suitable for commodity forest management.However,with the change of conception,essential changes have been taken place in the idea of forest management.The change mainly represents in the goal of forest management,namely the transformation from sustained-yield timber to maintaining of ecosystem integrity based on biodiversity.The former knowledge has lost its functions and is not sustainable forest management.Based on the above views,new systems of knowledge on the basis of the inheriting are needed to be developed for forest management in China,including establishing ecosystem integrity as the goal of forest management,taking scale, hierarchy,disturbance,heterogeneity,and biodiversity as basic principles for forest management,developing natural disturbance model as the theoretical model of forest management,establishing means and techniques of forest management planning that integrate temporal and spatial optimization and root in modern ecological sciences,and accepting forest certification mechanism as the mechanism of assessment to ensure that a given forest is being managed in as sustainable a manner as possible.