大兴安岭1980-1999年乔木燃烧释放碳量研究

Carbon Emissions from Forest Fires on Main Arbor Species in Daxing'an Mountains in Heilongjiang Province

在黑龙江省大兴安岭森林火灾时空格局研究的基础上,通过野外调查采样和室内试验分析相结合的方法研究主要乔木树种1980—1999年间的碳释放量。结果表明:1)大兴安岭林区20a间各林型过火面积分别为:兴安落叶松林437947.34hm2,樟子松林20938.70hm2,针阔混交林142526.95hm2,白桦林168531.57hm2,蒙古栎林1374.97hm2。2)通过MultiC/N3000测定得出各树种地上部分含碳率平均数值,兴安落叶松为42.34%,樟子松为41.20%,白桦为42.01%,山杨为39.21%,蒙古栎为39.79%,2种针叶树平均含碳率为41.77%,3种阔叶树种林分平均含碳率为40.30%。主要乔木树种地上部分平均含碳率值均小于目前国际通用的0.45。3)大兴安岭林区20a间各类型森林火灾乔木损失生物量为7.31×106～11.57×106t。其中,落叶松林乔木损失量占总损失生物量的61.80%～62.38%;其次为白桦林,占总损失生物量的26.53%～26.81%。4)大兴安岭林区20a森林火灾乔木释放碳量为3.04×106～4.78×106t,平均每年释放碳量为1.52×106～2.39×106t,占全国森林火灾释放碳量的7.51%～11.81%。各乔木树种中落叶松火灾释放碳的比例最高,约占总释放量的2/3左右;其次为白桦,占总释放量的1/4左右;其他树种释放较少,共占1/12左右。研究结果将为正确认识大兴安岭森林火灾碳平衡及评价森林火灾对全球生态环境影响提供科学依据。

On the basis of studying space-time pattern of forest fires, the carbon emission of main arbor species from forest fires from 1980 to 1999 was studied by using field research and experiment in Daxing＇an Mountains in Heilongjiang Province. The result is as follows： 1 ）The burned area of Larix gmelinii forest, Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forest, conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, Betula platyphylla forest, Quercus mongolica forest is respectively 437 947.34, 20 938.70, 142 526.95, 168 531.57,1 374.97 hm^2 during the past 20 years. 2）By carbon-nitrogen-analysis apparatus measuring, it is concluded that the mean aboveground carbon content rates of main arbor species in Daxing＇an mountains were 42.34%, 41.20%, 42.01%, 39.21%, 39.79% respectively in L. gmelinii, P. sylvestris var. mongolica, B. platyphylla, Popul~ davidiana, Q. mongolica. The mean aboveground carbon content rate of two conifer-leaved species was 41.77%, and which of three broad- leaved species was 40.30%. The mean carbon content rates of main arbor species were less than 0.45,3）The burned biomass of arbor species in Daxing＇an Mountains was 7.31 × 10^6 - 11.57 × 10^6 t for 20 years, which of L. gmelinii forest and B. platyphylla forest is respectively 61.80% - 62.38% and 26.53% - 26.81% of the whole burned biomasso The burned biomass of different arbor species is distinctly. 4）The research indicated that the carbon emission of arbor species in Daxing＇an mountains was 3.04 × 10^6 -4.78 × 10^6 t for20 years, mean carbon emission in each year is 1.52 × 10^6 2.39× 10^6 t,which is 7.51% - 11.81% of total carbon emission in China. About 2/3 of the total carbon emission is from L. gmelinii ; 1/4 is from B. platyphlla ; 1/12 is from other tree species. The results will provide scientific foundation for researching on forest fire carbon balance and evaluation for influence of global ecological environment from forest fire.