坝漆的民族植物学与发展策略

The Ethnobotany and Developmental Strategy of "Ba Qi"

坝漆是特产于鄂西南恩施土家族苗族自治州山区的生漆品种,其生产历史悠久、品质优良,在生漆行业拥有很高的地位。通过深入产地对坝漆进行民族植物学和资源调查,发现坝漆的起源地位于湖北恩施州利川市与咸丰县交界的毛坝乡人头山;在起源地,漆树具有非常丰富的遗传多样性;坝漆产区的劳动人民通过长期实践,创造出了一套效率很高的对漆树的管理和利用方法,并独具地方民族特色;历史上,坝漆产区与外界在经济和文化上的交流比较频繁,坝漆的生产深受外界影响;在近10～20年中,受市场经济冲击,坝漆的生产和漆树资源的存量一直处于低谷。需要正确认识和利用坝漆的优良品质和名声,在政府部门的正确引导下,建立健全适应市场经济的集约化生产模式;大力宣传坝漆,规范收购和销售渠道;对坝漆的利用进行科学研究,发展坝漆深加工产业;保护并充分利用坝漆的种质资源,大力培育优良品种,实现对坝漆资源的持续利用;同时对坝漆的栽培、管理进行科学研究,提高坝漆产量。从而实现坝漆产业的复兴和进一步发展,使坝漆这一优良生漆品种发扬光大。

＂Ba Qi＂, a kind of raw lacquer coming exclusively from the mountainous area of Enshi Prefecture, southwest of Hubei Province, has owned very good quality and fame for a long history. Under detailed and thorough investigation about its ethnobotany and resources in its producing area, we found its cradleland located in ＂Rentoushan＂ Mountain, where is in Lichuan County and adjacent to Xianfeng County. The lacquer trees in the cradleland owned abundant genetic biodiversity. In the mountainous area of Enshi, local people have created a series of methods, which had very high efficiency in managing and utilizing the lacquer trees. In southwest Hubei Province, local people utilizing and cultivating lacquer trees has been influenced by outside for a long history. In recent ten years, influenced by market economy, product of ＂Bai Qi＂ and resources of lacquer tree in Enshi has been in a depressed condition. The local government should play a certain role in developing the production of ＂Ba Qi＂, such as leading the local people to establish a concentrated and efficient productive mode, propagandize ＂Ba Qi＂, standardize the trade, expand its usage, and fully use the abundance of genetic biodiversity of lacquer trees in Enshi to produce new and good breeds etc. So the good quality and fame of ＂Ba Qi＂ will be brought into play well and will run a good role in the local economy in the southwest of Hubei Province.