婴幼儿膳食营养素摄入对微量元素的影响

Affection of total diet on content of trace elements for children under 3.

【目的】对婴幼儿膳食摄入和血微量元素进行分析,确定当前主要的儿童营养问题,为制定营养改善对策提供科学依据。【方法】对在北京大学第三医院儿童保健中心定期进行体检的311例6～36月儿童进行膳食分析和血微量元素测定。【结果】各种营养素的摄入除锌外（70.9%）均达到DRIs的标准,微量元素和矿物质测定发生钙缺乏19.3%,锌缺乏8.4%,铁缺乏2.3%。与正常组比较,钙缺乏组碳水化合物供能比增多（55.63±4.59 vs 53.70±5.46,P〈0.05）,锌缺乏组脂肪供能比过多（33.27±6.78 vs 30.91±4.96,P〈0.05）,铁缺乏组维生素C摄入过少（140.78±68.34 vs 87.42±41.56,P=0.041）,两者间有明显相关性。【结论】婴幼儿膳食状况良好,为预防微量元素缺乏,父母要注意培养婴幼儿科学的膳食习惯。

[Objective] To understand the present status of nutrition and trace elements for children under 3 years and give suggestion for improving children＇s health. [Methods] Nutrition survey which included microelement tested and diet investigation was carried out in 311 children under 3 years by software in children healthcare outpatient. [Resuits] Intake of zinc was lower than 80% DRIs （Dietary Reference Intakes）. The rate of calcium（Ca）,zinc（Zn） and iron （Fe） deficiency in blood were 19.3% ,8.4% and 2.3% respectively. Calculating the intake of nutrients, there was signifi cant high in the levels of carbohydrate in the Ca deficiency＇s group. Significant difference in fat was detected between the two Zn groups. There was correlation between the levels of vitamin C and Fe deficiency. [Conclusions] Proportions and quantity of the nutrients intakes are normal among healthy infants and toddlers. Parents need to help children to develop good food habit.