二月兰传粉生物学研究

The Pollination Biology of Orychophragmus violaceus

对二月兰在北京地区开花的物候期、花粉的活性、柱头的可授性、植株繁育系统及种子的萌发特性等方面进行研究,结果表明:二月兰的花期从3月底可一直到5月中旬,盛花期在4月,单朵花期维持5d左右,5月中旬花朵基本凋谢,进入结实期;花粉活性蕾期最高,开花第4天基本无活性,而柱头可授性在开花后3～4d最高;不同方式的结实率也表明二月兰自然条件下难于自花授粉;二月兰的种子储藏年限及温度对萌发率有一定的影响,尤其对萌发速度影响较大,2005年收集的种子较于2003年和2004年萌发更快,而在25℃下萌发速度比20℃和30℃更快。

Studied the pollination biology of O. violaceus,including its flowering rule,the pollen viability, the stigma receptivity,the hybridization test and the germination of seed. The results showed that the florescence of O. violaceus was from late March to middle May, mainly in April. The single flower＇s blooming day could last about 5 days. In the middle of May, the flowers almost die down. It＇s time for fructification. The highest viability period of pollen was in the first day of flowering, and the another higher one was during the bud time. The testing of receptivity of the stigma showed that the best time of pollination was the third day and the fourth day after flowering. It was difficult for O. violaceus to accomplish self-pollination in nature conditions. Two grads changes were designed to test the germination of seed, one was the temperature change, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃;another one was of different year of gathering the seed,2003, 2004, 2005. The conclusion showed that the fresh seeds had highly germinate in 25 ℃. These results could offer data for its future breeding and culture.