中国夜蛾科昆虫的物种多样性及分布格局

Species diversity and distribution patterns of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) in China

本文在收集整理中国夜蛾全部种类名录和分布资料的数据库基础上,对其分布格局进行了分析。结果表明:中国夜蛾共有20个亚科845个有效属3751个有效种,占世界种类的13.66%,其中1734种模式产地在中国。这些种类主要归属4种区系成分,其中东亚成分占优势,占总数的51.35%,东洋成分占25.51%,古北成分占18.45%,广布成分仅2.26%。夜蛾在全国七个动物地理区中的分布,是不同类群不同分布特点的复合体,84种广布种分布广泛而均匀,七区之间的多元相似性系数达显著水平。957种东洋种类和692种古北种类随纬度呈阶梯状分布,各区间无显著相似性。1926种东亚种类中,南中国型1363种,分别较为孤立地分布在华南、华中、西南三区,各区之间联系微弱;北中国型290种,零星分散地分布在东北、蒙新、华北、青藏四区;中中国型273种遍布全国,但主要分布在我国中部的华北、华中、西南、青藏四区,以跨界分布为特点,四区之间具有显著的多元相似性。特有种的简约性分析结果表明,特有分布区的分布和划分基本和中国动物地理区划相一致,但台湾和华中区关系密切。关键区系分析显示,台湾、云南、新疆、西藏等11个省区包含了中国夜蛾物种的90%,是物种保护的优先区域。

A total of 3 751 species noctuids belonging to 845 genera of 20 subfamilies from China were inventoried into a database, and their distribution patterns were analyzed. The results indicated that most of the Chinese noctuids could be assigned into four faunal elements： Eurytopic, Palaearctic, Oriental and East Asian. Among them East Asian element predominated over the other elements, making up 51.35 percent of the total species,then Oriental element occupying 25.51%,Palaearctic 18.45% and Eurytopic only 2.26%. The distribution of the family in the seven zoogeographical regions of China was characterized by the compounds of various elements in various taxa. Eurytopic element （85 species） was fairly well-distributed in the seven regions. Oriental （957 species） and Palaearctic （692 species） elements were distributed in stairs with latitude by distinct orientation. For East Asian element, South China pattern （1 363 species） and North China pattern （290 species） were of isolated-distribution; Central China pattern （273 species） were of multi-region and cross-boundary distribution,but mainly distributed in North-China Region,Central-China Region,Qinghai-Xizang Region and South-West Region. Parsimony analysis of endemicity （PAE） was made to identify areas of endemism. The regions and distribution of these areas of endemism were mostly in congruence with the zoogeographical region division of China, but Taiwan was close to the Central-China Region in endemism. Based on the results of key fauna analysis, the priority regions for conservation were proposed in the sequence of Taiwan, Yunan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Sichuan, Hainan, Heilongjiang and so on.