角蛋白废弃物转化为角蛋白水解物(英文)

Treatment of Keratin Waste into Keratin Hydrolysate

角蛋白废弃物主要来源于家禽肉联加工厂生产时没有正确处理掉的大量废物。而且,在革和毛织品的生产过程中也存在大量的未加利用的角蛋白废弃物。角蛋白因其含有较高的有利用价值的蛋白,可以增加食物中的营养。另一种价值较高的角蛋白是角蛋白水解物,可以将其加工成可生物降解的覆盖物或者包装袋,作为农业薄膜、化妆用品的包装。然而由于角蛋白含有大量的双硫键而很难溶于普通的溶剂中,并且抗蛋白酶作用。要想角蛋白溶解就必须破坏双硫键。已有的研究报道指出用2步法处理角蛋白材料,从小鸡羽毛和绒毛中萃取的角蛋白可以转化成可溶解的角蛋白水解物。第一步,原角蛋白保温培养在巯基乙醇溶液中,第二步在同第一步一样的溶液(同样的温度,pH和时间)中加入酶。正交试验为2因素,3水平,重复2次。定量测定不可溶解的角蛋白百分数。根据统计学分析结果。

Keratin waste arising mainly from meat-industry processing of poultry represents a great quantity of waste annually which has not been utilised properly. In addition, in the production of hides into leathers and in wool production there is another large quantity of under-utilised keratin waste. Keratin, due to its high proportion of valuable protein, could be used e.g. as a nutrition in feed. Another high-value added product is soluble keratin hydrolysate that may be processed into biodegradable coatings or packaging, for agricultural films, for encapsulating chemicals, in cosmetics etc. Nevertheless, keratin contains large amount of disulphide bonds and therefore is insoluble in most common solvents and resistant to proteolytic enzymes. To make keratin soluble,. disulphide bonds have to be cleavage. Presented research paper studies the possibilities of extraction keratin frQm chicken feathers and from fleece to produce soluble keratin hydrolysate. Keratin material was treated through two phase process. In the first phase, the raw keratin material was incubated in water solution of 2-mercaptoethanol and, in the second phase, incubated in the same solution with enzyme at defined conditions （temperature, pH and time）. Experiments were designed by 2-level factorial scheme with three experimental factors and with two repetitions in the centre. The percentage of insoluble keratin material was determined gravimetrically. The results are statistically evaluated.