表面活性剂对制革浸酸工序的影响

Effect of Surfactants on the Pickling Process in Leather Manufacture

将十二烷基硫酸酯钠(阴离子型表面活性剂)、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(阳离子型表面活性剂)和平平加O(非离子型表面活性剂)分别以不同用量添加到浸酸液中,观察浸酸工序完成所需要的时间,测定浸酸废液蛋白质含量和悬浮物含量,并对浸酸皮组织切片进行显微镜观察。将浸酸皮进行铬鞣,对铬鞣革进行感官评价,并测定铬鞣革收缩温度和抗张强度。研究结果表明:在浸酸液中添加阴离子型、阳离子型和非离子型表面活性剂,均能加快浸酸速度;当浸酸液中表面活性剂浓度略大于其临界胶束浓度时,表面活性剂就能明显加速浸酸过程;三类表面活性剂使浸酸皮胶原纤维分散的程度依次为:阴离子型表面活性剂>非离子型表面活性剂>阳离子型表面活性剂;将表面活性剂应用于浸酸工序后,所得蓝革柔软度、粒面平细度以及粒纹清晰程度均优于空白样,并且表面活性剂处理样抗张强度均高于空白样。

Sodium dodecylsulfate（an anionic surfactant）, dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride （a cationic surfactant） and Peregal O（a nonionic surfactant） of various dosages（based on the pickling liquor weight） were added in the pickling liquor respectively. The time needed for the pickling process was evaluated; meanwhile, the protein and suspending substance content in the pickling liquor were measured; also, the histologic sections of the pickling hide were observed by the optic microscope. The pickling hides were tanned with a chromitan KMC, then the shrinkage temperature of the wet blues and the tensile strength of the chrome-tanned leather were tested; the hand and grain status of the leather were estimated. The results show that in the presence of surfactants, the pickling process can be accelerated; moreover, when the concentrations of the surfactants are just above their Critical Micelle Concentration（CMC）, they can speed up the pickling process obviously. For the three types of surfactants, the ability to the dispersion of the collagen fibrils in the pickling hide is as follows： anionic surfactants〉nonionic surfactants〉cationic surfactants. When added surfactants in the pickling liquor, the softness and the clearness of the grain side of the chrome-tanned leather are improved; furthermore, the tensile strengthes of all the surfactants treated leather are better than the controls.