对驻守海拔4300m不同时间移居者心理生理能力的初步探讨

Primary Disquisition on Mental and Physiological Capability of Migrants in Garrison at 4300 Meters for Different Duration

目的以检测心理生理能力指标的方法,衡量和评价持续驻守在海拔4 300 m高原3～6个月与7～48个月移居者的心理生理能力的差别,为建立高原边防军人健康档案提供科学依据。方法选择驻守高原某边防部队的68名男性青年,分为两组。甲组：34人,年龄21～37岁,平均（27.84±3.8）岁,累计在高原驻守4～16年,平均（8.5±3.4）年。本次上高原3～6个月。乙组：34人,年龄20～30岁,平均（23.1±2.2）岁,累计在高原驻守3～12年,平均（4.5±2.6）年,本次上高原7～48个月。采用多功能心理生理能力测试仪和血氧仪对甲、乙两组分别进行测验。采用强光源检眼镜在简易暗室内小瞳孔下检眼。结果心理生理能力测验：数字广度（顺背数）测验,甲组与乙组比较,显示时间均为1±0。得分数：5.4±1.1：3.7±1.9（P〈0.01）。左、右手交叉敲击动作频率测验,甲组与乙组比较,总时间均为10±0,总次数：78.8±19.5：69.3±18.8（P〈0.05）。正确次数：76.8±18.2：62.2±17.9（P〈0.01）。错误次数：2.5±3.3：5.1±4.7（P〈0.05）。动脉血氧饱和度[SaO2]检测结果甲组与乙组比较,91.2±6.4：87.4±5.1（P〈0.05）。视网膜动态检查结果比较,甲组与乙组依次为：视网膜充血：＋22例,占64.7%,±12例,占35.3%;＋＋19例,占64.7%,＋15例,占44.1%。视网膜动脉痉挛：＋19例,占55.8%;±15例,占44.1%;＋＋21例,占61.8%,＋13例,占38.2%。视网膜静脉怒张：＋19例,占55.8%,±15例,占44.1%;＋＋21例,占61.8%;＋13例,占38.2%。视网膜渗出：＋19例,占55.8%;＋21例,占61.8%,±13例,占38.2%。结论驻守海拔4 300 m高原甲组（3～6个月）心理生理能力及SaO2（动脉血氧饱和度）测验结果显著优于乙组（7～48个月）。甲组视网膜缺氧性改变程度明显轻于乙组。高原低氧环境暴露时间的长短,与人体心理生理能力的高低及组织器官缺氧性改变有密切的关系。

Objective To scale and evaluate the mental and physiological capability of migrants in garrison at 4,300 meters＇altitude respectively for 3-6 months and 7-48 months.Methods A total of 68 young males who had been in garrison at frontier defenses for different duration were divided into short-term group（n=34） and long-term group（n=34）.Subjects in the short-term group,aged 21-37,had been in garrison at frontier defenses for 3-6 month,and those in the long-term group,aged 20-30,had been in garrison at frontier defenses for 7-48 months.Arterial blood oxygen saturation（SpO2）,eye-ground,hands-feet-cross frequency and sequent numeral memory were tested in both the groups.Results The SaO2,the score of sequent numeral memory,the total time and the correct time of hands-feet-cross frequency test in the short-term group increased,its wrong time of hands-feet-cross frequency test reduced significantly,when compared with that of the long-term group（P〈0.05,or P〈0.01）.The retina changes in amount,degree and percentage in the short-term group were reduced significantly,compared with that of the long-term group.Conclusion The exposure duration to environmental hypoxia has obvious correlation with mental-physiological capability and organic anoxic changes.