钱塘江枯水期主要污染物水环境模拟

Water Environmental Simulation of Main Contaminations in the Qiantang River at Low Water Period

确立基于可视化技术的污染物水环境模拟技术框架,建立水环境空间模型,基于MapInfo和Delft3D平台对钱塘江枯水期主要污染物氨氮(NH4+-N)、总磷(TP)进行模拟,对其时空变化规律进行分析.观测断面污染物实测值与模拟值对比表明,对于NH4+-N,兰江口、严陵坞断面实测值较模拟值分别偏大0.19 mg/L、0.66 mg/L,窄溪、渔山和袁浦断面实测值较模拟值分别小0.16 mg/L、0.54 mg/L和0.49 mg/L;对于TP,梅城水厂、严陵坞断面的实测值高出模拟值分别为0.13 mg/L、0.14 mg/L,窄溪、渔山、浦阳江出口和袁浦等断面实测值均较模拟值略小,其沿途变化趋势与实际情况基本吻合.结果表明,钱塘江污染物主要来自上游兰江、富春江、浦阳江的贡献,其中兰江、浦阳江的污染物浓度较高,水质较差,对沿途及下游影响较大;兰江污染物是富春江水体污染的主要来源,当新安江下泄流量小时,可能发生回流而导致新安江部分河段受污染,当新安江下泄流量较大时,则对富春江水质起明显的改善作用;对于浦阳江,除了上游带来的污染物质,从尖山到浦阳江出口断面沿途两岸排放的污水也较严重,是影响钱塘江水质的原因之一.

Technical framework for water environment simulation of contaminations is established based on visualization and a spatial environmental model is built. The main two contaminations, namely NH4 -N and TP, are simulated on the platform of Maplnfo and Delft3D in the Qiantang River at the low water period, to analyze its space-time diversity. For NH4^＋ -N, the measured values are 0.19 mg/L and 0.66 mg/L larger than simulated values at the Lanjiang River mouth and the Yanlingwu, 0.16 mg/L, 0.54 mg/L and 0.49 mg/L smaller at the Zhaixi, the Yushan and the Yuanpu. For TP, the measured values are 0.13 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L higher than simulated values at the Meicheng Water facility and Yanlingwu. However, the measure values are slightly lower than simulated ones at Zhaixi, Yushan, Puyang River mouth and Yuanpu, the trend of which accords with actual situation. The results indicate that the contaminations of the Qiantang Reach mostly come from the Lanjiang River, the Fuchun River and the Puyang River on the upstream, among which the Lanjiang River and the Puyang River have a very high concentration of polluted materials, which means bad water quality, and influence the water downstream. The Lanjiang River becomes the chief contaminative source in the Fuchun River. When the discharge from the Xin＇ an River Dam is small, the recirculation region may be formed and makes part of the Xin＇an Reach contaminated. Otherwise, when the discharge is large, the water quality in the Fuchun River is apparently improved. And the Puyang River, which brings the contaminations from the upstream, along with the polluted water let into it from the industries along the reach, has significant impacts on the water quality in Qiantang Reach.