废物地下填埋场选址的地质条件约束

Site selection for underground solid waste landfill constrained by geological conditions

当今采矿业仍然使用全陷法开采,致使矿区环境遭到十分强烈的破坏。为了环境保护的需要,德国等许多国家积极开展利用废物进行地下充填的新的采矿法,使矿区环境得到保护以及采矿业达到可持续发展。文中以德国鲁尔矿区为例,充分论述了矿区的地质和水文地质条件对地下填埋场或地下充填场选址的约束,以及如何对矿床的地质和水文地质条件进行充分调查和分析,优选出安全可靠的固体废物的地下填埋场或地下充填场地,使采矿业的发展和环境保护的需求之间达到最优化的联合。重点介绍了德国地下填埋场的充填技术,适合于地下充填废物的筛选;对地下填埋场选址的地质条件约束,主要通过地质、岩性、地质构造分析和水文地质条件约束来确定,最后优选出最安全的地下填埋场。

Mining with full caving causes environmental pollution and ecological damage. In order to change this situation and improve the environment, many countries, such as Germany, actively adopt a new coal mining technique, i. e. , mining with solid waste backfill. Whether to adopt this technique depends on the geological characteristics and hydrogeological conditions of the mining areas. This paper takes the Ruhr mining area in Germany as an example to discuss the technique of solid waste backfilling. It delineates the geological and hydrogeological conditions in the Ruhr district and explains how to investigate and analyze these conditions in order to choose a good site for underground solid waste landfill. The site selection for underground solid waste landfill is mainly constrained by geological and petrological characteristics, geological structure analysis and hydrogeological conditions. Under these constraints and using optimization method, the safest site for underground solid waste landfill could be selected.