黄土高原地区黄土洞穴的分类及发育规律

Classification and development pattern of caves in the loess plateau

黄土高原地区广泛发育的黄土洞穴既是一种典型的水土流失现象,又是一种新的地质灾害。黄土洞穴具有多种类别,其分布的地域规律具有由黄土高原的西北向东南发育密度呈递减趋势;陇西地区黄土洞穴最发育,陇东地区较发育,陕北局部地区较发育。黄土洞穴在深度上具有表、浅、中、深、超深5个层次;其空间发育明显受地层厚度、土性、地质构造、微地形地貌、水文地质及气候条件等因素所控制。

Caves developed in the loess plateau are not only the evidence for loss of soil and water, but also the geological hazards. Caves in loess have many different types. The distribution pattern is varied in different places. The density in northwest region of the loess plateau is higher than that in the southeast region. The density in the Longxi area is the highest, and the density in the Longdong area is less than that in the Longxi area. In the Shanbei area, only a few holes are present. The caves in loess occur in five levels： surface, shallow layer, middle layer, deep layer, and ultra deep layer. The depth, characteristics, geological structures, surface features, bydrogeology and climatic conditions control their development and spatial distribution.