苎麻属植物资源的搜集、保存与开发利用

Collection,Preservation and Utilization of Boehmeria Jacq.Germplasm Resource

1995年以来,我所在我国长江流域及以南14个省(市)、自治区搜集到荨麻科植物资源222份,其中苎麻属130份,分属19个种7个变种。根据形态特征,将已搜集到的苎麻属植物划分为腋球苎麻组、帚序苎麻组、苎麻组、序叶苎麻组和大叶苎麻组五个组。苎麻属植物的种群分布与海拔高度有关,按其生态特点可分为湿生性、湿中性、半阴湿性和旱生性四大生态类型。来自于不同地域、不同气候和生态环境的苎麻属植物,异地保存时有的不易成活,建圃保存时要从水分、光照、温度上创造有利条件,满足其生长发育需要。

We have collected 222 wild plants of Urticaceae in fourteen provinces of Changjiang basin and southern China after 1995. Among the 222 wild plants, 130 wild plants are Boehmeria Jacq. and belong to 19 species and 7 varieties. According to morphologic features, the collected wild plants of Boehmeria Jacq. can be divided into Sect Boehmeria, Sect ZoUingerianae , Sect Tilocnide , Sect Phyllostaohy and Sect Duretla. Population distribution of Boehmeria Jacq. is related to the elevation. According to ecological characters, the Boehmeria Jacq. can be divided into four ecological types that are hyprophyte, medium-wet type, semi-humid type＇ and xerophtic type. Boehmeria Jacq. from different place, climate and e＇ cological environment have the relatively low survival rate when they are planted in other regions. If we could build resource garden, we could create advantageous conditions on water, light, temperature and so on for their growth and development in a year.