青海省农牧地区人畜饮水水质卫生调查

Investigation of Drinking Water Quality in Agricultural and Pastoral Areas in Qinghai Province

目的为了摸清青海省农村饮水安全现状,查清农牧区,尤其是饮用高氟水、高砷水、苦咸水和受污染水地区及严重缺水地区的具体分布情况,为制定解决饮水问题的措施和方案提供科学依据。方法综合考虑当地水系分布、地质条件、人群饮水密集区等因素,于2005年3月,采取随机抽样方法采集各种类型水源水(河水、井水、泉水、机井水)水样。在海东地区、海南藏族自治州、海西蒙古族藏族自治州、海北藏族自治州(以下简称“海南州、海西州、海北州”)所属各县设置5个以上采样点,参照GB 5749—1985《生活饮用水卫生标准》和《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)对水样进行检验,按《农村实施<生活饮用水卫生标准>准则》对水质进行分级评价。结果共采集水样100件,其中,海东地区采集水样24件,海南州采集水样18件,海西州水样34件,海北州采集水样24件。海东地区、海南州、海西州、海北州均有苦咸水和细菌学指标超标的水样,海南州、海北州各有1件高砷水样,海东地区、海西州、海北州分别有2、3、5件高氟水样。一级水样所占构成比由低到高依次为海西州(26.5%)、海北州(45.8%)、海东地区(50.0%)、海南州(66.7%)。而三级水样所占构成比由低到高依次为海南州(11.1%)、海东地区(33.3%)、海北州(41.7%)、海西州(47.1%)。结论青海省人畜饮水部分水源不安全因素仍然以高氟、高砷、苦咸、微生物污染为主。

Objective To investigate the drinking water quality of different water sources in the agricultural and pastoral areas in Qinghai Province, China. Methods Based on the river distribution, geological conditions and population density of the investigated regions, five sampling points were selected in each county of the surveyed regions. 100 drinking water samples were collected and assayed. Results The results showed that the proportion of grade I water source in Haidong, Hainan, Haixi and Haibei Districts was 50%, 66.7%, 26.5% and 45.8% respectively. The rate of grade Ⅲ water source in Haidong, Hainan, Haixi and Haibei Districts was 33.3%, 11.1%, 47.1% and 41.7% respectively. The ineligible items were total rigidity, sulfate, chloride, fluoride and total coliform. Concclusion Some sanitary problems of drinking water source existed in Qinghai Province, especially in Haidong, Hainan, Haixi and Haibei agricultural and pastoral areas. The risk factors are high fluoride, high arsenic, high salt and polluted water.