上海市嘉定区游泳池水中氯仿含量及其影响因素的研究

Analysis of Chloroform Concentration and the Influence Factors in Public Swimming Pool Water in the Country of Jiading, Shanghai

目的了解游泳池水中氯仿的含量及其影响因素,为今后游泳池水卫生管理和消毒方法的改进以及游泳池水中氯仿等氯化副产物的卫生标准的制定提供参考依据。方法以上海市嘉定区所有持有公共场所卫生许可证的游泳场馆作为调查对象。按照GB/T17220—1998《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》确定采样点。于2006年8月1—3日,按照GB/T18204—2000《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》和《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)的要求进行采样检测。根据GB9667—1997《游泳场所卫生标准》和《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)进行评价。结果共调查10家游泳场馆,均以自来水为水源,采用含氯消毒剂进行消毒,采用循环过滤式处理进行水质净化。水温、游离性余氯、氯仿、耗氧量的合格率分别为4.8%,28.6%,14.3%,85.7%,其余指标均全部合格。其中,游离性余氯未达到GB9667—1997《游泳场所卫生标准》要求的6件,超标的9件。经过Pearson相关(积差相关)分析,氯仿浓度与浑浊度、耗氧量、四氯化碳、游离性余氯、pH值呈正相关,而与大肠菌群呈负相关(均P<0.05)。由于游泳场馆均采用自来水,再进行加氯消毒。因此,对同期所有游泳场馆所用的自来水中氯仿、四氯化碳、耗氧量、游离性余氯、浑浊度、pH值、细菌总数、大肠菌群进行了检测。结果表明,所有同期自来水水样均合格。结论游泳池水中氯仿的浓度远高于同期自来水,池水中氯仿浓度较高可能与池水受游泳者污染和消毒人员投氯量过多有关,建议在GB9667—1997《游泳场所卫生标准》中增加氯仿等氯化消毒副产物的限值,以控制氯仿等氯化副产物的浓度,从而保护游泳者的身体健康。

Objective To describe the change of chloroform concentration in swimming pool water and to study the influence factors. Methods The swimming pool water samples were collected in 10 public swimming pools and were determined and evaluated according to the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water （2001）, GB/T 17220-1998, GB/T18204.9-2000, GB9667-1997. Results Chloroform concentration in 21 water samples was from lower than 0.006 to 0.184 mg/L, the median was 0.120 mg/L. In the present study, chloroform concentration was correlated positively with turbidity, CODmn, tetrachloride, the free chlorine residual and pH. A negative correlation was found between chloroform concentration and coliform group. Chloroform concentration among the different swimming pools exhibited statistical significance. Conclusion Chloroform concentration in swimming pool water was significantly higher than that in tap water in Jiading, Shanghai. Change of chloroform is different among swimming pools. The increase of chloroform may be related to the pollutants and chlorination in swimming pool water.