饮用水及相关材料的安全评价技术

Safety Evaluation of Drinking Water and the Related Products

饮用水中化学物质逐渐增多,对人体健康和生态环境造成了日益严重的危害,因此,其安全评价具有重要意义。由于饮用水中化学物质具有种类繁多,浓度极低的特点,单一的理化指标无法反映水体中各类物质的协同效应。传统的生物试验法,如鱼类试验和蚤类试验,因灵敏度较低,达不到检测痕量化学物质的要求。近年来兴起的一些基于分子水平和细胞水平的方法,如发光细菌法和遗传毒性法,被广泛用于饮用水及相关材料(浸泡液)毒性物质的检测,但存在一定的问题。笔者系统地介绍了现有饮用水及相关材料安全评价技术的原理、过程和应用,分析了各种检测方法的优点和不足,提出发展依据细胞形态变化的Vero细胞培养法,以建立一种广谱、可靠、灵敏、简单易行的综合测试技术。

An increasing number of chemicals were found in drinking water recent years which gradually produce the adverse effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, safety evaluation plays an important role in the process. The advance in safety evaluation of drinking water and products for use in contact with water （their lixivium）, introducing their principles, procedures and practical applications, were systematically reviewed in this paper, Comparison analysis was made to indicate the advantages and problems of the existing methods, to suggest a broad-spectrum, reliable, sensitive and applicable method for safety evaluation of drinking water in the future.