我国水资源区域公共管理问题探析

Analysis about China's Regional Public Management of Water Resources

江河(湖)的流域性质,说明水资源只有通过流域管理机构、政府间、流域内的企业与公众等各利益相关方共同合作——区域公共管理。当今世界上对水区域(流域)公共管理两种比较典型的模式是以美国为代表的行政区域分层治理和流域一体化治理相结合模式和以英、法等国为代表的流域一体化治理模式。我国水资源实行流域管理与行政区域管理相结合的管理体制,表明我国水资源迈向区域公共管理的理念。但由于现行水法对流域管理机构法律地位模糊,缺乏对政府行为的制衡机制;而高度集权的政府"内向型行政"体制,使得政府间合作十分困难;以及缺乏流域内相关利益人参与机制、民主监督乏力等,表明我国的水资源区域公共管理理念与实践上的困境;因此,必须借鉴发达国家经验,针对上述缺陷,重新构建我国水资源区域公共管理新机制。

River （Lake） valley＇s nature decides regional public management, which is the drainage management agencies, the governments, the enterprises and the public together. China＇s water resources management is system based on a combination of the drainage management and the administration. However, which exists laws problem on drainage management agencies＇ legal status unclear, lacks keeps in balance the mechanism to the government behavior. The highly power-centralized government structure causes government-to-government＇s cooperation difficultly. The lack of public participation mechanisms weaks democratic supervision. Those show hardship in China＇s water resources, management concept and practice. Therefore, we must learn from the experience of developed countries, and re-build regional public management mechanism of water resources in response to these shortcomings.