中国农村土地产权制度改革方向探讨

On the Reform Direction of Chinese Rural Land System in the Property Right

产权问题是农村土地制度的核心问题,由于我国没有从根本上解决农村土地产权问题,所有权主体虚置,使用权缺乏自主性、稳定性,收益权被分割,缺乏独享性,转让权不自由,由此引发了困扰"三农"的一系列问题。为解决现行农村土地产权制度存在的问题,文章提出,中国农村土地产权制度改革应多元化,即国家土地的终极所有权、农民土地实际所有权即农村土地私有、农村公共领地的集体所有权。而要实施农村土地产权多元化改革,则必须在明晰农村土地产权的同时赋予产权主体相应的权能,进行土地管理体制改革,使法律与农村土地产权制度相协调,建立相配套的其他制度或机制。

The property right is the core issue of rural land system. China＇s agricultural land property rights system has not been able to transform from a vague state. This leads to a series of problems with ＂Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Areas＂. Experts and scholars launch the intense argument about who does the property right turn over to, land annexation, land security functions, and large-scale operation. The author believes China agricultural land property rights system reform should be diversified： the ultimate land property rights of State, the actual ownership of private agricultural land to Farmers, the collective ownership to rural public territories. This reform needs support of system construction.