哈茨木霉(Trichoerma harzianum)T23生防菌筛选及防治中药材根腐病的研究

Selection of Trichoderma harzianum T23 as a Biocontrol Agent and Its Application in Root Rot Control in Medicinal Herbs

研究表明，引起麦冬、丹参、川芎等中药材根腐病的主要病原种群是尖孢镰刀菌及腐皮镰刀菌．为了有效防治中药材根腐病，保护环境，提高品质和产量，通过不同生态区的土样采集，采取病原菌诱饵法及稀释平扳法分离菌株，经筛选、纯化得到抑菌拮抗效果达80％以上的哈茨木霉生防菌T23；不同剂量试验结果表明，施用哈茨木霉T23生物制剂7．5kg／hm^2效果最佳，田间防治麦冬、丹参、川芎等中药材根腐病效果达70％以上，显著优于50％多菌灵粉剂，比对照增产14．2％～24．5％．大面积防治中药材根腐病的防病增产效果与田间小区试验的一致．

Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani are the dominant pathogens which cause root rot diseases on medicinal herbs Ophipogon japonicus , Salvia miltorrhiza and Ligusticum chuanxiong. A promising effective and environment-reliable way of controlling these diseases is to develop biocontrol agents. In our study, many strains of Trichoderma spp. were isolated through pathogens-baiting and dilution-plating method from rhizospheric soil samples of medicinal plants growing in various ecological environments. Of these isolates, Trichoderma harzianum T23 was the most effective one whose suppression efficacy to Fusarlum spp. was above 80%. In field tests, the control effects of T23 preparation for root rot disease was over 70%, and it was significantly better than Carbendazol. The yield of the three medicinal plants treated with the T23 preparation was 14.2% to 24.5% higher than that of the untreated control. Subsequent demonstration experiemnt on a larger area gave similar results to the plot experiment.