大麻快速脱胶菌株的选育与脱胶性能鉴定

Breeding of a fast retting bacterium and appraisal of retting function in hemp

针对以烧碱蒸煮为中心的大麻化学脱胶工艺存在脱胶质量不稳定,纤维强度和出麻率低,环境污染严重等问题,进行了大麻脱胶菌株的选育与脱胶性能鉴定的研究。通过广泛采集菌样,初筛、复筛和诱变育种,获得了1株在16 h内完成大麻脱胶的快速脱胶菌株;在实验室条件下,该菌株进行大麻生物脱胶具有脱胶周期短,纤维产量高和品质好等特点;与传统水沤法相比,缩短脱胶周期90%以上,干茎出麻率提高2.1%,束纤维强力提高7.9%,且纤维颜色浅,质地均匀,光泽好。

Breeding and selection of hemp retting strains and their retting functions were studied aiming at problems such as unstable quality, low fiber intensity, low products rate, serious environment pollution brought about by chemical retting technology. After collected strains broadly, we selected them and mutated strains, sifted a new strain. This strain can accomplish hemp retting within 16 h. Under laboratory condition retting of hemp this strain has advantages of short retting period, high yield and superior quality. Compared with traditional retting method, the fast retting technique can shorten retting time by 90% or more, the output for short fiber has been increased by 2.1%, and the fiber strength has been increased by 7.9 %. And the fiber has got light color, homogeneous texture and good luster.