主从复合词前加成分的双重语义功能

Semantic Functions of Pre-element in Endocentric Compounds

在传统的主从复合词研究中,都把前加成分的语义功能二分为"限制"和"描写"。然而"限制"不能概括与"描写"相对的前加成分的语义功能,这一功能应该是"区别"。区别性功能和描写性功能大多数情况下不是由不同前加成分分别承担的,而是共处于同一个前加成分中。同一前加成分的两种语义功能的强度成反比关系,不同前加成分的两种语义功能的强度分布变化可以分成三级,这是由前加成分所揭示的词根意义特征的不同属性和某一主从复合词与同一聚合群中其他词项的不同关系造成的。

In the traditional studies about endocentric compounds, the semantic function of a pre-element is divided into two kinds： restriction and description, however, restriction cannot summarize the semantic function of pre-element opposite to description, which should be summarized by differentiation. The differential function and descriptive function are commonly in the same pre-element rather than in different ones. The rate of both kinds of semantic function in the same pre-element is inversely proportional to each other, and the rate distribution of them in the different pre-element may be divided into three levels. It is deter- mined by the different attribute of root features that a pre-element revealed and the different relation between endocentric compounds and other items in the same paradigm.