保水剂对不同土壤玉米节水增产机理研究

Research on the Water-saving and Production-increase Mechanism of Water-absorbent Polymer for Maize under Different Soil Types

研究表明,6种不同土壤类型春秋两季玉米施用保水剂能够提高光合效率,减少水分蒸腾,提高CO2浓度、叶片水势和土壤含水量,达到蓄水保水、促进增产的效果。但不同质地发育的土壤存在差异,而不同土壤类型施用保水剂后对玉米的增产效果存在显著差异,春玉米的生物产量和鲜食玉米的产量麻沙泥>黄泥田>河沙泥>灰泥田>紫泥田>红黄泥;而秋玉米则为红黄泥>黄泥田>麻沙泥>河沙泥>灰泥田>紫泥田。由此可见,玉米施用保水剂增产的效果亦与不同质地、不同土壤类型有关,而且还与土壤本身的保水蓄水性能有密切的相关性。

The test results showed that under application of water-absorbent polymer, photosynthesis rate, CO2 concentration, water potential,soil water content were significantly improved, and transpiration was decreased. Both soil water content and leaf water content were increased, but there were significant differences among soil types. Yield under different soil types differented each other after applying water-absorbent polymer. Biomass and seed yield of spring rank as follows： Masha, Huangnitian, Hesha, Huinitian, Zinitian, Honghuangni. As for fall maize, it ranks as follows ： Honghuangni, Huangnitian, Mashani, Heshani, Huinitian, Zinitian.The conclusion was that yield increase of maize under water-absorbent polymer was closely related with soil texture, soil type.