不同强度的运输振动对黄花梨的机械损伤及贮藏品质的影响

Effects of different strengthes of transport vibration on mechanical damage and storage quality of Huanghua pears(Pyrus Pyrifolia Nakai,cv.Huanghua)

为了研究运输过程中不同强度的振动对黄花梨的机械损伤及储藏品质的影响,检测和比较了运输过程中卡车前后不同位置的振动情况以及对应位置装载的黄花梨的机械损伤情况,并对黄花梨运输后室温(23℃)储藏过程中硬度,果胶酶活性和果胶物质含量进行了检测。结果表明,车厢后部的振动加速度为1.91 m/s2,显著高于车厢前部的振动加速度1.62 m/s2(p<0.05)。这导致了在车厢后部装载的梨的平均损伤个数和损伤表面积显著高于车厢前部(p<0.05);车厢后部装载的梨的果胶甲酯酶(PE),多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性较高,导致了与硬度有关的细胞壁果胶成分快速降低,引起了黄花梨果实的较快软化,说明较强的运输振动不但造成黄花梨严重的机械损伤,还影响运输结束后黄花梨的储藏品质。

In order to study the effects of different strengthes of transport vibration on mechanical damage and storage quality of Huanghua pears （Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, cv. Huanghua） during storage after transportation, transport vibration at the front and rear positions of the truck and the damaged levels of Huanghua pears （Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai, cv. Huanghua） during transportation were detected and compared. Changes in hardnes, activities of pectinose and contents of pectins of Huanghua pears during storage（23℃） after transporationt were examined. The results showed that the vibration strengthes of the rear position（1.91 m/s^2） were higher than that of the front（1.62 m/s^2） along the entire route （p 〈 0.05）. For these reasons, the number of bruises and the estimated average percentage of damged skin of the fruits in the rear top RPC（reusable plastic container） were significantly higher than that in the front （p 〈 0.05）. The data showed the higher activities of pectinesterase （PE） and polygalacturonase （PG） of the fruits loaded in the rear top RPC, inducing faster decrease of pectin contents in the cell wall of pear tissue and faster softening of the fruits during storage. The results indicated that severe transportation vibration not only led to heavy mechanical damage to Huanghua pears, but also had effects on the qualities of the fruits during the subsequent storage after transport.