永定客家方言助词“倒”及“倒”字溯源

The Auxiliary Word Dao(倒)in Yongding Hakka Dialect

永定客家方言的"倒"和"到"语音相同,语义功能繁多,文章主要分析作为助词"倒"的用法,并通过与周边其他方言的比较,考察"倒"、"到"在汉语史上的使用情形,探讨"倒"的本字和来源问题。文章认为,永定客家方言作结果补语、能性补语和持续体标记的tou52应写作"倒",补语标记tou52则应写作"到",但两者都来源于动词"到"的语法化。

The auxiliary word dao（倒）in Yongding Hakka dialect has many semantic functions but the soundand is the same. The paper focuses on the usage of the character dao（倒）as an auxiliary word, studies the usages of the characters dao（倒） and dao （倒） in Chinese history, probes into the original form of the character and the origin of the character dao（倒） through making comparisons with other dialects spoken in the neighborhood, and finally concludes that in Yongding Hakka Dialect , the symbol tou^52 standing for resultant and functional complement, and continuous aspect marker should be dao（倒）, but, for complement marker should be dao（倒）. However, both originates from the verb dao （ 倒）.